Contribution of G.I.S and Remote Sensing for the Risk Mapping of Soil Water Erosion at Saida Province (Western of Algeria)

Abstract

Soil water erosion is a major aspect of landscape degradation in sub-wet to semi-arid Mediterranean environments. This problem has not been dealt with in detail in Algeria although it affects large areas. The objective of this study is to develop a methodology using remote sensing, the digital terrain model (DTM) and geographic information systems (GIS) to map areas with a risk of water erosion within the territory of Saida province and to produce a risk map that can be used as a reference document by the local authority. The presented methodology consists to incorporate three factors controlling the erosion: slope, material friability and land use. The resulting erosion risk map shows five areas of vulnerability to water erosion: very low, low, moderate, high and very high. Areas with high and very high risk of erosion cover more than 20% of the mountainous area and are consistent with our field observations. The methodology presented in this study can be generalized to all areas of the foothills of the Tellian Atlas, where erosion risks pose a threat to urban areas. This model is a tool to help implement a soil conservation plan in order to organise the measures to be applied and ensure sustainable soil management.