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Ultrasound-Assisted Optimzation of the activation and Inactivation of Thermostable a-Amaylase
(International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2026) Zahra Azzouz,Ourdia -Nouara Kernou,Naima Djerroud-Mohellebi,Festus Ogumgbemiro,Zahir Amghar,Nassima Kichi,Azzeddine Bettache,Nawal Boucherba ,Samir Hadjal and Patricia Rijo
Ultrasound is a non-thermal technology increasingly applied in food processing to modulate enzyme activity. This study investigated the effects of ultrasonic irradiation on the activity of a commercial thermostable α-amylase. Enzyme activity was determined by quantifying reducing sugars released from starch using the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method, and protein concentration was measured by the Bradford assay. A one-factor-at-a-time approach was used to evaluate the effects of ultrasonic amplitude, treatment time, enzyme concentration, incubation temperature, and calcium ion concentration. Subsequently, a Box–Behnken design was applied to analyze the combined influence of amplitude, treatment duration, temperature, and calcium concentration on residual activity. The enzyme exhibited an initial activity of 46.27 ± 3.63 U/mL under standard assay conditions. Moderate ultrasonic amplitudes enhanced activity, whereas prolonged exposure and elevated temperatures promoted inactivation. Statistical analysis showed that the incubation temperature and calcium concentration significantly influenced residual activity, and the quadratic model provided a good fit (R2 = 0.94). Optimal inactivation conditions were identified at 60% amplitude, 9 min treatment, 85 °C, and 9 ppm calcium, resulting in 66.3% enzyme inactivation. These findings support the use of ultrasound-assisted processing as a controllable strategy to regulate thermostable α-amylase activity in industrial enzyme applications.
Bioconversion of date palm leaf waste by a cellulolytic enzyme complex produced by Aspergillus niger under solid-state fermentation
(FEMS Microbiology Letters, 2026) Zahir Amghar , Zahra Azzouz , Narimane Allaoua , Samir Hamma , Mohammed Benhoula , Gahfif Ouahiba , Nawel Boucherba , Said Benallaoua , Samir Hadjal , Azzeddine Bettache
Lignocellulosic biomass represents a sustainable resource for enzyme production, yet indigenous microbial diversity remains underexplored in Algeria despite abundant agricultural residues. The present study investigates the potential of locally filamentous fungi isolated from Bejaia (Algeria) for lignocellulosic biomass valorization through cellulolytic enzyme production. A total of 201 native fungal strains were screened for cellulolytic potential, among which five showed high endoglucanase, exoglucanase, and β-glucosidase activities, with Aspergillus niger AZ193 identified as the most efficient strain. Cellulase production was carried out under solid-state fermentation using locally abundant lignocellulosic wastes. Date palm leaves resulted in the highest enzyme activities (201.78 U/ml endoglucanase, 11.83 U/ml exoglucanase, and 23.84 U/ml β-glucosidase). The selected strain and substrate were further optimized using Response Surface Methodology, leading to a five-fold increase in endoglucanase activity (1000 U/ml) and significant enhancement of other cellulases. The crude enzyme efficiently hydrolyzed pretreated date palm leaves, releasing up to 18 mg/ml glucose within 72 h. These findings highlight A. niger AZ193 as a robust cellulase producer and date palm leaves as an underutilized substrate for sustainable biotechnological applications. Further research should focus on enzyme purification, process scale-up, and integration into biorefinery applications for bioethanol production
Ultrasound is a non-thermal technology increasingly applied in food processing to modulate enzyme activity. This study investigated the effects of ultrasonic irradiation on the activity of a commercial thermostable α-amylase. Enzyme activity was determined by quantifying reducing sugars released from starch using the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method, and protein concentration was measured by the Bradford assay. A one-factor-at-a-time approach was used to evaluate the effects of ultrasonic amplitude, treatment time, enzyme concentration, incubation temperature, and calcium ion concentration. Subsequently, a Box–Behnken design was applied to analyze the combined influence of amplitude, treatment duration, temperature, and calcium concentration on residual activity. The enzyme exhibited an initial activity of 46.27 ± 3.63 U/mL under standard assay conditions. Moderate ultrasonic amplitudes enhanced activity, whereas prolonged exposure and elevated temperatures promoted inactivation. Statistical analysis showed that the incubation temperature and calcium concentration significantly influenced residual activity, and the quadratic model provided a good fit (R2 = 0.94). Optimal inactivation conditions were identified at 60% amplitude, 9 min treatment, 85 °C, and 9 ppm calcium, resulting in 66.3% enzyme inactivation. These findings support the use of ultrasound-assisted processing as a controllable strategy to regulate thermostable α-amylase activity in industrial enzyme applications.
(International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2026) Zahra Azzouz,Ourdia -Nouara Kernou,Naima Djerroud-Mohellebi,Festus Ogumgbemiro,Zahir Amghar,Nassima Kichi,Azzeddine Bettache,Nawal Boucherba ,Samir Hadjal and Patricia Rijo
Ultrasound is a non-thermal technology increasingly applied in food processing to modulate enzyme activity. This study investigated the effects of ultrasonic irradiation on the activity of a commercial thermostable α-amylase. Enzyme activity was determined by quantifying reducing sugars released from starch using the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method, and protein concentration was measured by the Bradford assay. A one-factor-at-a-time approach was used to evaluate the effects of ultrasonic amplitude, treatment time, enzyme concentration, incubation temperature, and calcium ion concentration. Subsequently, a Box–Behnken design was applied to analyze the combined influence of amplitude, treatment duration, temperature, and calcium concentration on residual activity. The enzyme exhibited an initial activity of 46.27 ± 3.63 U/mL under standard assay conditions. Moderate ultrasonic amplitudes enhanced activity, whereas prolonged exposure and elevated temperatures promoted inactivation. Statistical analysis showed that the incubation temperature and calcium concentration significantly influenced residual activity, and the quadratic model provided a good fit (R2 = 0.94). Optimal inactivation conditions were identified at 60% amplitude, 9 min treatment, 85 °C, and 9 ppm calcium, resulting in 66.3% enzyme inactivation. These findings support the use of ultrasound-assisted processing as a controllable strategy to regulate thermostable α-amylase activity in industrial enzyme applications.
Analytical Profiling of Phenolic and Flavonoid Constituents in Ononis angustissima Using LC–ESI–MS/MS Coupled with Multivariate Optimization
(Food Analytical Methods, 2026) Larbi Derbak, Abdesselem Si Mohammed, Mohamed Lamine Rabhi, Hamdi Bendif, Radia Ayad, Khellaf Rebbas, Ibrahim Demirtas, Anis Ahmad Chaudhary, Walid Elfalleh & Stefania Garzoli
Ononis angustissima, a member of the Fabaceae family long employed in folk remedies, has remained largely unexplored in terms of its phytochemical composition and bioactivity. In this work, we applied a face-centered central composite design to refine the ethanolic extraction process for phenolic and flavonoid constituents, achieving peak yields of 76.44 ± 0.76 mg GAE/g dry weight (dw) and 66.42 ± 0.83 mg QE/g dw, respectively. Comprehensive LC–ESI–MS/MS analysis unveiled nineteen principal metabolites, among which luteolin (143.55 ± 1.76 µg/g), salicylic acid (45.82 ± 0.24 µg/g dw), and trans-ferulic acid (40.53 ± 0.43 µg/g dw) were most abundant. The chloroform partition demonstrated remarkable butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (IC50 of 20.52 ± 0.58 µg/mL), showing stronger activity than galantamine under the tested conditions. Additionally, the ethanolic extract exhibited pronounced, selective, and dose-dependent antiproliferative effects against the DLD-1 and CAPAN-1 tumor cell lines, with IC50 of 0.82 ± 0.07 and 0.87 ± 0.06 mg/mL, respectively, while showing considerably lower cytotoxicity toward the L929 fibroblasts. Molecular docking studies further predicted strong interactions of flavonoids, particularly luteolin and quercetin, with both acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase active sites, underscoring their neuroprotective potential. Moreover, ADME profiling of the identified metabolites indicated generally favorable pharmacokinetic properties, with luteolin, caffeic acid, and trans-ferulic acid emerging as promising lead compounds due to their absorption potential, lipophilicity, and bioavailability. Collectively, these results highlight O. angustissima as a valuable source of bioactive compounds worthy of further investigation for potential anticancer and neuroprotective applications. However, given the in vitro and in silico nature of this study, additional research, including bioassay-guided isolation, mechanistic studies, and in vivo validation, is necessary to confirm its therapeutic relevance.
In Vitro Characterization of Lactiplantibacillus Plantarum Strains: Probiotic Potential, Riboflavin Production, and Functional Properties
(Current Microbiology, 2026) Rania Rahmani, Amel Ait Meddour, Mohammed Benhoula, Samia Hamma-Faradji, Kahina Belbachir, Sylia Terki, Marco Calvigioni, Virginia Rossi, Diletta Mazzantini, Emilia Ghelardi, Mohamed Sifour & Houria Ouled-Haddar
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is commonly present in the gut microbiota of healthy individuals, as well as in a wide range of fermented foods and dairy products. Its well-documented probiotic potential, ability to produce bioactive compounds, and contribution to food preservation make it a promising candidate for functional food development. In this study, twenty-four lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates were obtained from various samples. The isolates were identified using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and all were showed a high similarity to the species L. plantarum. Their probiotic properties were evaluated through a series of in vitro assays. Among these, fourteen isolates exhibited tolerance to gastrointestinal tract conditions, cell surface properties, and significant antimicrobial activity. Only two strains showed substantial adhesion to mucins. In vitro screening showed a considerable antioxidant activity and efficient cholesterol assimilation, as well as β-galactosidase and proteolytic activities. All the strains exhibited remarkable levels of riboflavin (vitamin B2) secretion, reaching concentrations of 1,646 ± 377.92 ng/mL. Most of the selected strains displayed safe antibiotic resistance profile and no pathogenic potential, suggesting that they are promising candidates for further investigation in human applications. Based on these findings, three L. plantarum strains were selected as promising candidates for in vivo applications in both food and human health. These strains exhibit potential not only as probiotics agents, but also as natural bioactive additives for nutritional fortification and food biopreservation.
In Vitro Characterization of Lactiplantibacillus Plantarum Strains: Probiotic Potential, Riboflavin Production, and Functional Properties
(Current Microbiology, 2026) Rania Rahmani, Amel Ait Meddour, Mohammed Benhoula, Samia Hamma-Faradji, Kahina Belbachir, Sylia Terki, Marco Calvigioni, Virginia Rossi, Diletta Mazzantini, Emilia Ghelardi, Mohamed Sifour & Houria Ouled-Haddar
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is commonly present in the gut microbiota of healthy individuals, as well as in a wide range of fermented foods and dairy products. Its well-documented probiotic potential, ability to produce bioactive compounds, and contribution to food preservation make it a promising candidate for functional food development. In this study, twenty-four lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates were obtained from various samples. The isolates were identified using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and all were showed a high similarity to the species L. plantarum. Their probiotic properties were evaluated through a series of in vitro assays. Among these, fourteen isolates exhibited tolerance to gastrointestinal tract conditions, cell surface properties, and significant antimicrobial activity. Only two strains showed substantial adhesion to mucins. In vitro screening showed a considerable antioxidant activity and efficient cholesterol assimilation, as well as β-galactosidase and proteolytic activities. All the strains exhibited remarkable levels of riboflavin (vitamin B2) secretion, reaching concentrations of 1,646 ± 377.92 ng/mL. Most of the selected strains displayed safe antibiotic resistance profile and no pathogenic potential, suggesting that they are promising candidates for further investigation in human applications. Based on these findings, three L. plantarum strains were selected as promising candidates for in vivo applications in both food and human health. These strains exhibit potential not only as probiotics agents, but also as natural bioactive additives for nutritional fortification and food biopreservation.
Conflict between farmers and Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) in Northern Algeria: threats and conservation implications
(scientific reports, 2026) Mohammed Khalil Mellal, Abdelmadjid Chelli, Rabah Boutekrabt, Sarah E. Turner, Robert B. Weladji & Rassim Khelifa
Human-wildlife conflict is a major challenge in conservation biology with ecological and socioeconomic consequences. The problem is particularly delicate when the animals involved are threatened with extinction and experiencing rapid habitat loss due to climate change and anthropogenic actions. Here, we examined crop-foraging on farms in Central North Algeria by the Endangered Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) to understand the conflict severity. We surveyed 94 farmers to assess the seasonal pattern, occurrence, altitudinal pattern, and consequences of crop-foraging by the Barbary macaques. We found that the Barbary macaque was widely perceived by farmers as a “nuisance”, and one third of farms were abandoned due to severe crop loss. More than 50% of farms had their crops damaged between June and September. The probability of frequent crop-foraging was driven primarily by farm-scale characteristics and landscape context: Larger cultivated area were associated with greater crop-foraging frequency, while altitude and proximity to settlements showed weaker positive associations. Our results highlight the need for sustainable solutions to enhance the coexistence between humans and Barbary macaques in the region.
Setting up a diagram process for the elaboration of a new plant-based beverage from Pinus halepensis seeds: Selection of unit operations and their conditions
(journal of food process engineering_WILEY, 2021-11-28) Amina Abbou ; Nabil Kadri ; Adrien Servent ; Julien Ricci ; Khodir Madani ; Manuel Dornier ; Antoine Collignan et Nawel Achir
Aleppo pine seeds are a potential candidate for the production of nondairy milk due to their high protein (26%) and lipid (37%) content and their availability. For the first time, this study presents the implementation of a manufacturing scheme from seeds to final product, including pre-extraction, extraction, and post-extraction (physical and microbi-ological stabilization), using a 2(7-4)fractional factorial screening design. The seven fac-tors were seed soaking time, grinding time, temperature and seed/water ratio during extraction, xanthan gum concentration, homogenization pressure, and pasteurization temperature. Beverage quality analysis consisted of measurements of chemical compo-sition, color, stability, and rheological behavior. The results of experimental design showed that the dry matter as well as the lipid and protein contents increased signifi-cantly by increasing the ratio (grain/water) and the grinding time. On the other hand, the extraction temperature led to a better extraction of lipids but a lower extraction of proteins. Regarding stability, xanthan gum had a negative effect, while homogenization pressure and pasteurization temperature showed their effectiveness in decreasing the particle size and increasing the physical stability of the product. Practical applications Plant-based drinks, also called plant milks, are interesting alternatives to animal milk.They have similar organoleptic properties but are more sustainable and offer very dif- ferent nutritional composition depending on the plant used. As the consumers demand is constantly increasing, setting up fabrication processes from new plant sources is relevant. Aleppo pine seeds are a potential matrix for the production of vegetable beverages because they are very nutritious and available in the entire Mediterranean area. This study presents the setting up of a fabrication diagram of a plant-based beverage made from Aleppo pine seeds. Seven production parameters were tested, including pre-extraction (seed conditioning), extraction, and post-extraction (physical and microbiological stabilization), thanks to a fractional factorial 2(7-4)screening design. The best conditions enabled the production of a final bever-age comparable to other commercialized plant based beverages in terms of nutri-tional and organoleptic quality.
Efficient Adsorption of Chlortetracycline and Ibuprofen Onto Mg–Al Layered Double Hydroxide: Equilibrium, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Studies
(chemeistrySelect, 2026) Kheira Addouch, Hakima Cherifi, Soumia Seddari, Radhia Yous, Nasma Bouchelkia, Lotfi Mouni
Magnesium–aluminum layered double hydroxide (Mg─Al LDH) with a Mg/Al molar ratio of 2:1 was synthesized by a simple co-precipitation method and evaluated for the simultaneous removal of chlortetracycline (CTC) and ibuprofen (IBP) from aqueous solutions. SEM–EDX, FTIR, and XRD analyses confirmed the successful formation of a well-defined layered structure with a basal spacing of 7.65 Å and a pHpzc of 6.15. Batch adsorption experiments showed rapid equilibrium within 30 min for CTC and 60 min for IBP, with removal efficiencies reaching 99% under optimal conditions (293 K, adsorbent dosage 2 g L−1, initial concentration 50 mg L−1, pH 7). The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model for CTC and the pseudo-first-order model for IBP, while equilibrium data were best described by the Langmuir isotherm, yielding maximum adsorption capacities of 121.61 mg g−1 for CTC and 100.41 mg g−1 for IBP. Thermodynamic parameters indicated spontaneous and exothermic adsorption, with stronger interactions for CTC. The uncalcined Mg─Al LDH exhibited adsorption performance comparable to or exceeding that of many modified LDH-based materials, highlighting its potential as a simple, cost-effective, and sustainable adsorbent for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.
Evaluation of the Antioxidant Potential and Selective Cytotoxicity of Fumaria agraria Alkaloids Against Human Breast Cancer Cells
(Pharmacognosy Magazine, 2026) Khalida Bougoffa-Sadaoui,Sid Ali Zaidi,Nouara Djouadi,Massilia Kaci,and Halima Ouadid-Ahidouch
Aim/Background This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant capacity, hemolytic effect, and cytotoxic potential of the alkaloid fraction isolated from Fumaria agraria, with an emphasis on its possible use as a therapeutic agent against cancer cells.
Study of bioactive volatile compounds from different parts of Pistacia lentiscus L. extracts and their antioxidant and antibacterial activities for new active packaging application.
(Food Control_ELSEVIER, 2020-07-28) Sabrina Djebari ; Magdalena Wrona ; Asma Boudria ; Jesús Salafranca ; Cristina Nerin ; Kenza Bedjaoui et Khodir Madani
Macerates of fruits and leaves of Pistacia lentiscus L. were prepared and analysed with the aim of applying them for active packaging. The profile of forty-four different bioactive volatile compounds was obtained by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated by three different methods (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid and reducing power) which confirmed stronger antioxidant properties in case of leaves macerate. Total phenolic and flavonoids content was determined and showed that macerate leaves presented 15 times more phenolic compounds and 20 times more flavonoids than macerate fruit. Moreover, the analysis of antimicrobial properties of macerate leaves in comparison with macerate fruits revealed very strong antimicrobial properties. Finally, macerate leaves extract was incorporated in an adhesive and a new active multilayer packaging was designed, and its antioxidant capacity as free radical scavenger was confirmed by a method based on in situ hydroxyl radicals generator.
Jam processing: Effect of pectin replacement by locust bean gum on its characteristics
(Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism_IOS Press, 2020-11-28) Aida Mekhoukhe ; Nacer Mohellebi ; Tayeb Mohellebi ; Leila Deﬂaoui-Abdelfettah ; Sonia Medouni-Adrar ; Lila Boulekbache-Makhlouf et Khodir Madani
OBJECTIVE : the present work proposed to extract Locust Bean Gum (LBG) from Algerian carob fruits, evaluate physic-ochemical and rheological properties (solubility). It aimed also to develop different formulations of strawberry jams with a mixture of LBG and pectin in order to obtain a product with a high sensory acceptance. METHODS : the physicochemical characteristics of LBG were assessed. The impact of temperature on solubility was also studied. The physical and the sensory proﬁle and acceptance of ﬁve Jams were evaluated. RESULTS : composition results revealed that LBG presented a high level of carbohydrate but low concentrations of fat and ash. The LBG was partially cold-water-soluble ( ∼ 62% at 25◦C) and needed heating to reach a higher solubility value ( ∼ 89%at 80◦C). Overall, the sensorial acceptances decreased in jams J3 which was formulated with 100% pectin and commercial one (J5). The external preference map explained that most consumers were located to the right side of the map providing evidence that most samples appreciated were J4 and J2 (rate of 80– 100%). CONCLUSION : In this investigation, the LBG was used successfully in the strawberry jam’s formulation.
The petroleum-degrading bacteria Alcaligenes aquatilis strain YGD 2906 as a potential source of lipopeptide biosurfactant
(Fuel_ELSEVIER, 2020-09-08) Drifa Yalaoui-Guellal ; Samira Fella-Temzi ; Salima Djafri-Dib ; Sunil Kumar Sahu ; Victor U. Irorere ; Ibrahim M. Banat et Khodir Madani
Soummam river sediments were used to isolate a biosurfactant-producing and petroleum-degrading bacterium. The strain was identified as Alcaligenes aquatilis YGD 2906 using phenotypic characterization and 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. The culture supernatant of the isolated strain showed no haemolytic activity had an oiled displacement of 23.66 ± 0.57 mm and Emulsification index (E24) of 68.5% ± 0.5%. The biosurfactant produced in the minimal medium was extracted by acid precipitation and quantified gravimetrically, with a yield of 4.2 ± 0.01 g/L. The crude Biosurfactant was determinate by TLC and MALDI-TOF-MS as a lipopeptide with protein and lipid content of 8.49 ± 0.19% and 52.66 ± 1.16% respectively. This lipopeptide structure was confirmed by HPLC-MS/MS. This technique gave two main peak ranges which are typical of surfactins, iturins and fengycin. Tandem mass spectrometry was further used to elucidate the structure of the lipopeptide produced by the strain. The non-haemolytic nature of the lipopeptide produced by this strain offers opportunities for biomedical applications. Further work is needed to optimize production and analyze potential biomedical uses of this lipopeptide including antimicrobial properties.
Convective and microwave drying of coriander leaves: Kinetics characteristics and modeling, phenolic contents, antioxidant activity, and principal component analysis
(Journal of Food Process Engineering_WILEY, 2021-11-23) Khokha Mouhoubi ; Lila Boulekbache-Makhlouf ; Wafa Mehaba ; Hayat Himed-Idir et Khodir Madani
In this study, coriander leaves were subjected to two different drying techniques: con- vective (40, 80, and 120 C) and microwave (100, 500, and 1,000 W). The effects of both processes on the kinetic parameters variation, modeling, and phytochemical qual- ity were studied. Kinetic parameters variation showed that time reduction (2.53 min), high drying rate (3.08 kg water/kg dm min), and high diffusivity (1.21 10 10m2/s) were obtained during microwave drying. For energy consumption, an opposite trend was observed between the variation in the specific electrical energy consumption (SEC e ), which is significant during convective drying (208.33 10+ 07MJ/kg H 2 O), and the energy efficiency (EE), which is obtained during microwave one(12.16 10 03 %). The kinetic data modeling done on 23 empirical models allowed us$to choose the Sledz model as the best describing the drying kinetics of coriandersince it presented better predictive performances with .9947 < adjusted R2< .9995,0.0001 < χ 2< 0.0005, and 0.0070 < RMSE<0.0228 values. In relation to the bioac-tive compounds, the highest values of the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxi-dant activities (ABTs and DPPH) were observed during microwave drying with 0.37 mg GAE/mL, 83.33, and 71.94%, respectively. Correlations between kinetic parameters, energy consumption as well as phytochemical quality were established using principal component analysis (PCA). As a result, the innovative microwave pro-cess proved to be the best method for drying coriander leaves. Practical applications: The evolution of technological conservation processes has led to the development of a wide range of modern drying processes. The success of these processes can be explained by the many advantages attributed to them: shorter drying times, high drying rate, high energy efficiency, and product quality. The most difficult is the appropriate choice of a drying method with highly energy efficient and consumes less energy while maintaining the best quality. Fresh coriander leaves are widely used to flavor foods. However, they are highly perishable and require immediate processing or preservation. Thus, the objective of this study is to compare two drying processes, convective and microwave drying of coriander leaves based on kinetic data, modeling, calculation of moisture diffusivity and energy consumption, aswell as evaluation of the dried powders quality. The results obtained will be useful for the technological design of convective or microwave drying for coriander leaves preservation.
: POLLEN PROFILES, PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS, AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF TWO HONEY SAMPLES FROM JIJEL CITY (ALGERIA)
(The Annals of the University Dunarea de Jos of Galati Fascicle VI – Food Technology_Galati University Press, 2021-07-28) RABHA AYAD ; NADIA AMESSIS-OUCHEMOUKH ; SALIM OUCHEMOUKH ; KHODIR MADANI et LILA BOULEKBACHE-MAKHLOUF
Honey is a sweet and flavorful animal product that comes from nectar and/or honeydew. It is used in different nutritional and therapeutic fields. This study aimed at the determination of the botanical origin, the physicochemical characteristics, and the antioxidant activities of two honey samples from two locations in Jijel City (Algeria). The analyzed honey complies with the standards of the Codex Alimentarius Commission. Pollen analysis showed that honey sample H1 was polyfloral and honey sample H2 was monofloral. Quality parameter analysis revealed that moisture content varied from 13.21 to 16.44%. The average pH was 4.34, and the electrical conductivity was 0.56 mS/cm. Protein, proline, and HMF contents were 32.08 mg EBSA/ 100 g, 435.47 mg/kg, and 3.49 mg/kg, respectively. Both analyzed kinds of honey were levorotatory. Phenolic compounds and flavonoids were found to be higher in honey H1 with 60.93 mg of EAG/100g and 20.92 mg of EC/100g, respectively. Results of antioxidant activities showed that honey H1 was much more effective in reducing iron and copper than honey H2 and gave the best total antioxidant capacity. In addition, the study of the antiradical activity against DPPH and ABTS revealed that honey H1 was able to scavenge DPPH and ABTS radicals with 48.88 and 18.21 %, respectively.
Comparative mapping approach of energy intake and expenditure of obesity prevalence among school adolescents
(Clinical Nutrition ESPEN_ ELSIVIER, 2021-04-07) Fouzia Yous; Salim Zaabar; Omar Aoun; Nawel Adjeroud-Abdellatif et Khodir Madani
Objective: This study aims to describe the prevalence of overweight and obesity in an obesogenic environment among adolescents in the wilaya of Bejaia (eastern Algeria), and to assess their Physical Activity Level (PAL), Daily Energy Expenditure (DEE) and Total Energy Intake (TEI). Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 3038 adolescents consisting of 1635 girls and 1403 boys in middle and high schools in 19 regions of Bejaia. The average age was 14.78 ± 2.53. Two questionnaires were assigned to collect data on their nutritional habits (24-h dietary call) and physical activity levels. BMI measurement was adopted in this study to determine the weight status of this sample and to assess the distribution of BMI, PAL, DEE, TEI over geographical areas of an administrative territory using the Student test descriptive statistical method (p < 0.05). Results: The prevalence of obesity and overweight was equal to 3.3%, the physical activity level in adolescents was 1.72 ± 0.21, with boys more likely to participate in sports than girls (16.5% for boys and 6% for girls). However, energy intake (3775.44 ± 719.07 kcal/day), energy expenditure (3144.13 ± 850.54 kcal) and body mass index (30.51 ± 2.99 kg/m2 ) were high. Body mass index (BMI) is negatively correlated with PAL (r ¼0.05) and positively correlated with TEI (r ¼ 0.31) and DEE (r ¼ 0.30), these results show that DEE and TEI factors play an important role in the prevalence of BMI with excessive consumption of high carbohydrate (614.55 g) and fat (98.9 g) foods, which is due to poor diet and are related to insufficient level of physical activity. The mapping shows that there is a disparity between the studied parameters: high BMI, low PAL and consumption of unhealthy foods (DEE, TEI). Conclusion: The lack of physical activity and the imbalance between energy intake and expenditure are the main factors that could lead to an increased risk of obesity in adolescents
Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation of essential oil from fennel seeds: Optimization using Plackett–Burman design and response surface methodology
(Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants_ ELSEVIER, 2021-04-05) Hayet Boudraa ; Nabil Kadri ; Lotfi Mouni et Khodir Madani
The study aims to optimize the microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) of Foeniculum vulgare seed essential oil (FSEO), for the purposes of maximizing efficiency and reducing costs in terms of time and energy. Plackett–Burman design (PBD) was investigated to screen the six different variables affecting FSEO extraction and select the most significant ones. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the interactions of the significant parameters and to determine optimal conditions. MAHD and the traditional hydrodistillation (HD) techniques were compared in terms of extraction efficiency, economic and environmental impacts, and chemical composition of the FSEO. The optimum conditions of the studied responses were particle size less than 333.4673 μm, at the irradiation time of 20 min and a microwave power of 305.9282 W with a solid-liquid ratio of 0.1477 g/mL. Gas Chromatography (GC) analysis showed that the FSEO composition in MAHD and HD is similar with slight differences. Therefore, the results show that the microwave-assisted hydrodistillation method is an innovative, economical and environmentally friendly approach to efficiently and safely extract essential oil an economic and green innovative approach to extract efficiently and safely the essential oil (EO).
Phenolic compounds from an Algerian medicinal plant (Pallenis spinosa): simulated gastrointestinal digestion, characterization, biological and enzymatic activities
(Food & Function_Royal Society of Chemistry, 2021-02-07) Hanane Amrani-Allalou ; Lila Boulekbache-Makhlouf ; Luana Izzo ; Lynda Arkoub-Djermoune ; Mohamed Lamine Freidja ; Khokha Mouhoubi ; Khodir Madani et Gian Carlo Tenore
Pallenis spinosa is a medicinal plant which is used in folk medicine as curative or preventive remedies for various diseases. Individual phenolic compounds from the methanolic extracts of its flowers, leaves and stem were determined by high performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC) and total phenolic contents (TPC) was evaluated by Folin-Ciocalteu assay. The stability and bioactivity (antioxidant activity, micellar cholesterol solubility, α-amylase, and angiotensin converting enzymes (ACE) inhibitory effects) of these extracts in the gastrointestinal environment was determined before and after their protection hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) capsules. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of thirteen phenolic compounds with nine flavonoids and four phenolic acids. Except for Kaempferol, the twelve other compounds have not previously detected in the aerial part of the studied plant. Quantification of phenolics by HPLC and Folin Ciocalteu methods revealed that the greatest TPC was detected in the flower extracts (104.31 ±0.80 and 145.73 ±0.48 mg EGA/g of extract, repectively). Leaves extracts displayed the best antioxidant capacity against the two tested radicals DPPH and ABTS (IC50=1.24 ±0.03 and 0.94 ±0.02 mg/mL, respectively), FRAP assay (IC50=0.50 ±0.02 mg/mL), α-amylase inhibitory (IC50=1.25 43 ±0.00 mg/mL) and angiotensin activity with an inhibitory percent of 30.10 ±0.12%. The best activity shown by stem extracts was against micellar cholesterol solubility (67.57 ±0.00%). A strong decrease in TPC and their bioactivity were observed after the gastrointestinal digestion (GID) in non encapsulated extracts. These results showed that P. spinonsa is a good source of phenolic compounds and the GID affects significantly their composition, content and bioactivity.
LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS analysis and cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects of chlorogenic acid derivative rich extract from Nerium oleander L. pink flowers
(Food & Function_ Royal Society of Chemistry, 2021-03-31) Sheila Cristina Oliveira-Alves; Ana Teresa Serra; Khalef Lefsih; Madani Samah; Andreia Bento da Silva; Khodir Madani et Maria Rosário Bronze
This study compared antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS, FC) and anticarcinogenic (MTT test) 3 activities of three hydroethanolic extracts from different morphological parts of Nerium 4 oleander lin, (leaves (LE), pink (PFE) and white flowers (WFE).All of the extracts exhibited 5 different antioxidant and anticarcinogenic activities based on their antioxidant presence in the 6 extract. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to understand the relationship 7 between the antioxidant and anticarcinogenic activity, and to gain insight into the similarities 8 and differences between the three extracts. Basing on the set data, this analysis clearly 9 indicate that WFE have more potent antioxidant activity and a potential to inhibit HT29 10 colorectal cancer cell growth than LE and PFE respectively. The FTIR analysis indicated the 11 presence of various functional groups such as alcohol, phenol, alkane derivatives, aromatic 12 compound, that are responsible for the biological properties of studied extracts.
A sustainable valorization of industrial tomato seeds (cv Rio Grande): Sequential recovery of a valuable oil and optimized extraction of antioxidants by microwaves
(Journal of Food Processing and Preservation_ WILEY, 2021-10-19) Toufik Ouatmani; Hayate Haddadi- Guemghar; Lila Boulekbache- Makhlouf; Djamila Mehidi- Terki; Azzedine Maouche et Khodir Madani
Tomato seeds are a major waste of tomato paste manufacturing. In this study, an in- teresting yield of oil was obtained (21.69%) from the seeds of an industrial tomato by- product (Rio Grande variety), after a Soxhlet extraction. The fatty acid profile of the extracted oil was established by gas chromatography and the tomato seed oil (TSO) was rich in unsaturated fatty acids (79.83%). After that, microwave- assisted extrac- tion (MAE) was used to recover phenolic compounds from the defatted tomato seeds (DTS). The effect of three independent variables (microwave power, irradiation time, and solvent fraction) on the total phenolic content (TPC) and the antioxidant activity (AA) was estimated by using response surface methodology (RSM). The approach of desirability was applied to define the best operative conditions for the simultaneous extraction of TPC and AA which resulted in 700 W for microwave, 70 s for irradiation time, and water as extracting solvent. Practical applications By adopting a sustainable development approach, agro- industrial manufactories could earn the challenge of turning their waste into a source of additional income while also saving on disposal costs. In this study, a process by exhaustion following a smart and green approach was designed to recover added- value nutrients from an industrial tomato byproduct. First, tomato seeds were used as a feedstock to extract a multi- useful oil (edible, biofuel, cosmetic, etc.). Then, the residue was extracted again with hydro- ethanol as a safe and green solvent, by using microwaves as a green and cheap technology to optimize the extraction of antioxidants. In addition, com- putational tools (RSM and desirability approach) were applied for optimization and modeling of the operative conditions.

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