Prevalence of childhood overweight – obesity and associated factors: A school‑based, cross‑sectional study northern Algeria

Abstract

Abstract Purpose To determine the prevalence of overweight/obesity and stunting among primary schoolchildren, and the associated factors. Methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted from February to September 2023 across 577 primary schools in Bejaia Province, Northern Algeria. Schoolchildren’s anthropometric measurements (weight and height) were obtained through direct physical assessments and were subsequently used to classify their weight and growth status according to WHO growth refer ence standards. Dietary habits school environment, and physical activity levels were obtained using survey questionnaires. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the associations between overweight/obesity and factors including dietary habits, physical activity, and the school environment. Results Overall, 446 (77.3%) primary schools participated in the study yielding a sample of 14,283 schoolchildren aged 9–13 years. Boys had a higher prevalence of obesity and severe obesity compared to girls. Overweight prevalence peaked at age 10 in girls (23.11%, 95% CI: 21.42–24.85%) while obesity peaked in boys at age 9 (18.80%, 95% CI: 11.14–28.76%). Obesity was strongly associated with stunting, particularly in boys (aOR=5.78, 95% CI: 4.41–7.66, p<0.001). Engagement in sportive activities was associated with lower overweight/obesity prevalence, while frequent snacking showed positive associations. Overweight and obesity were more prevalent in urban and suburban schools compared to rural settings. Conclusion This study reveals concerning patterns of childhood overweight/obesity and stunting in northern Algeria, high lighting the urgent need for targeted public health interventions addressing nutritional education and physical activity promotion.